forthcoming in R. Patterson and V. Karasmanis (eds.), Presocratics and Plato: a Festschrift in Honour of Charles Kahn. Las Vegas: Parmenides Publishing
نویسنده
چکیده
The Divine Puppets In a memorable passage in book I of Plato’s Laws, the Athenian expounds upon the psychological sources of human action: ATHENIAN: Do we assume that each of us is one person? KLEINIAS: Yes. ATH: But we have inside ourselves two opposite and mindless advisors, which we call pleasure and pain. KL: That’s the case. ATH: In addition to these, we have opinions about the future, whose general name is anticipation (ἐλπίς) and whose specific names are “fear” in anticipation of pain, and “confidence” (θάρρος) in anticipation of its opposite. And on top of all these we have judgment (λογισμός) as to which of them is better or worse. When this becomes the common view of a city, it is called “law.” (644c4–d3) 2
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